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OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3-5 years and breastfeeding status and duration.@*METHODS@#The study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC), a nationwide cross-sectional study. Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews. The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders.@*RESULTS@#In total, 2,008 participants were included in the study. Of these, 89.2% were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months (IQR 7-15 months). Among children aged 3 years, the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group (0.12 vs. 0.42, P = 0.043). In addition, the weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group (0.31 vs. 0.65, P = 0.026), and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed. Compared to the formula-fed children, the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years (12.84 kg vs. 12.52 kg, P = 0.015) and lower for those aged 4 years (14.31 kg vs. 14.64 kg, P = 0.048), but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years (16.40 kg vs. 16.42 kg, P = 0.910) after adjusting for potential confounders. No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-score (BAZ), fat-free mass index, and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3-5 years.@*CONCLUSION@#No obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration, BMI, and fat mass indicators. Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.
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Infant , Female , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Child , Adolescent , Breast Feeding , Prospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Body Mass Index , Body CompositionABSTRACT
Bone mineral loss is a serious health issue all over the globe resulting in osteoporosis, without showing any pre-indication of its occurrence. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry test is a widely accepted method for its diagnosis which gives areal information about the bone mineral. Other methods like Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) and Peripheral QCT give volumetric information. Application of these methods for mass screening is not recommended due to the use of ionizing radiations. Few non-ionizing methods, namely Bioelectric Impedance Analysis and Quantitative Ultrasound, have evolved in the past few decades. Bioelectric Impedance Analysis, a non-invasive and low-cost tool, has been immensely recognized for its promising use in estimating body composition and body fluids. Similarly, Quantitative Ultrasound is another non-invasive technique for determining bone density at fixed locations, making noninvasive assessment much faster, easier to use, and portable. A multi-parametric approach combining these two modalities has yielded higher efficiency for the detection of bone mineral loss. These developments are briefly reviewed in this paper.
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Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the percentage distribution of body composition parameters for healthy people at different ages from the assessment of electrical bioimpedance. Methods: A cross-sectional study of healthy Brazilian aged 5 years and older. Were evaluated: total body fat; percent body fat; fat-free mass; percent lean mass; fat mass index; and fat-free mass index. Results: Of 1240 participants, with a median age of 27.0 years, 52.5% were female, and 73.7% were Caucasian. Most of the body composition variables were associated with age. The fat-free mass increased from youth to adult and decreased in the elderly in both sexes, with higher values in males than in females. In males, the percentage of lean mass has higher values in adolescence compared to childhood, and in adults compared to the elderly, when analyzed from the 50th percentile. In women, fat-free mass compared to adulthood, values were higher in childhood and lower in older ages. Conclusions: The study is the first to describe the Brazilian reference values for most clinical parameters of bioimpedance in percentiles stratified by different life cycles and sex. These findings can be very useful in clinical practice for health promotion and monitoring the nutritional status of the individual.
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Objective:To compare the consistency between bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)in skeletal muscle mass assessment in elderly patients with advanced chronic kidney disease(CKD), and to provide a basis for accurate clinical diagnosis of sarcopenia.Methods:Elderly patients with advanced CKD at the Department of Nephrology of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital were included.Parameters for physical performance included handgrip strength and gait speed, and body muscle mass was measured by DXA and multifrequency BIA.The consistency between the two methods was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman analysis and kappa coefficient test.Results:This study included 67 elderly patients with advanced CKD with a mean age of(70.7±6.1)years and an average BMI of(24.6±3.5)kg/m 2.The proportion of enrolled male patients was 61.2% and the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was(27.7±12.7)ml·min -1·1.73m -2.The intraclass correlation coefficients of muscle mass and appendicular skeletal-muscle mass index(ASMI)measured by BIA and DXA ranged from 0.81 to 0.90.Bland-Altman analysis showed that BIA overestimated muscle mass against DXA, and the mean difference in ASMI was(0.44±0.13)kg/m 2.In addition, there was a moderate agreement between the two measurement methods for determining muscle loss(Kappa=0.47). Conclusions:BIA and DXA offer a fair level of consistency in the assessment of muscle mass in elderly patients with advanced CKD.However, compared with DXA, BIA overestimates muscle mass in elderly patients with CKD.
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PREGUNTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN: ¿Cuál será la composición corporal, el agua corporal total, y el agua extra e intracelular relacionados a los cambios después del ejercicio submáximo de 30 minutos y post rehidratación con agua pura en adultos residentes permanentes de gran altitud, La Paz, Bolivia, gestión 2019? OBJETIVO: Determinar la composición corporal, el agua corporal total, y el agua extra e intracelular relacionados a los cambios después del ejercicio submáximo de 30 minutos y post rehidratación con agua pura en adultos residentes permanentes de gran altitud, La Paz, Bolivia, gestión 2019. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: el trabajo de investigación fue tipo experimental, antes y después, sobre Fisiología de Altitud, en 29 jóvenes residentes de gran altitud (3600 m.s.n.m.). Se evaluó variables antes y después de realizar una prueba de ejercicio submáxima, de 30 minutos, y la rehidratación post ejercicio, tras el consumo de agua pura. Variables dependientes fueron: 1. Composición corporal, medida a través del análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica (AIB), 2. Volumen de agua corporal total, determinado por AIB. 3. Agua extra e intracelular evaluada por AIB y 4. Estado de rehidratación, evaluado por el cambio de peso post ejercicio, y mediante el AIB. Las variables independientes fueron el ejercicio a través de la prueba submáxima de 30 minutos y la rehidratación con agua pura. RESULTADOS: en jóvenes residentes de gran altitud, se estima que el porcentaje de agua corporal total en las mujeres está disminuida en relación a la referencia de poblaciones del nivel del mar. La masa grasa corporal está muy incrementada en las mujeres. La diferencia de agua basal versus el agua post ejercicio entre varones y mujeres no es significativa. La diferencia de agua del líquido extra e intracelular basal versus el agua post ejercicio entre varones y mujeres no es significativa. La diferencia en la distancia recorrida en 30 minutos de ejercicio de trote submáximo es estadísticamente significativa a favor de los varones (4424 vs. 3619 metros). La correlación del IMC y el porcentaje de masa grasa es muy baja (r=0.109). El IMC entre varones y mujeres no presenta diferencia estadísticamente significativa (26±3 vs 24±3 respectivamente). La frecuencia de exceso de grasa corporal evaluada por AIB, es del 55% en las mujeres y de 0% en varones. La presión arterial sistémica en varones (PS: 107±6 y PD:73± 4mmHg) y en mujeres (PS:104±8 y PD:70± 7mmHg), está disminuida en relación a referencia del nivel del mar. La frecuencia respiratoria esta incrementada tanto en varones (21±2) y mujeres (23±3). CONCLUSIONES: el método de AIB permite evaluar la composición corporal y el agua corporal total y por tanto la masa grasa, mismo que fue validado en altitud por el método estándar de referencia de dilución isotópica en estudios previos en altitud. El ejercicio de trote submáximo ejecutado, ha exigido más a los universitarios estudiados. Se verifica que en el mismo tiempo los varones han recorrido una mayor distancia que las mujeres. Se estima que en mujeres la masa grasa corporal (MGC) esta incrementada y que el exceso de grasa (obesidad) es del 55%. La diferencia del agua al momento basal y post ejercicio y el LEC y LIC entre varones y mujeres no es significativa. El IMC subestima en este grupo la frecuencia de obesidad, principalmente en mujeres. El uso de técnicas nucleares, ha permitido a través del análisis del deuterio estudiar el agua, la composición corporal, y se asocia fuertemente con determinaciones similares mediante el uso de la bioimpedancia eléctrica.
RESEARCH QUESTION: what will be the body composition, the total body water, and the extra and intracellular water related to the changes after submaximal exercise of 30 minutes and post rehydration with pure water in permanent resident adults of high altitude, La Paz, Bolivia, management 2019? OBJECTIVE: to determine the body composition, the total body water, and the extra and intracellular water related to the changes after submaximal exercise of 30 minutes and post rehydration with pure water in permanent residents of high altitude adults, La Paz, Bolivia, management 2019. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the research work was experimental, before and after, on Altitude Physiology, in 29 young residents of high altitude (3600 m.a.s.l.). Variables were evaluated before and after performing a 30-minute submaximal exercise test and post-exercise rehydration after consuming pure water. Dependent variables were: 1. Body composition, measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis (AIB), 2. Total body water volume, determined by AIB. 3. Extra and intracellular water evaluated by AIB and 4. Rehydration status, evaluated by post-exercise weight change, and by AIB. The independent variables were exercise through the 30-minute submaximal test and rehydration with pure water. RESULTS: in young residents of high altitude, it is estimated that the percentage of total body water in women is decreased in relation to the reference of sea level populations. Body fat mass is greatly increased in women. The difference in basal water versus post-exercise water between men and women is not significant. The difference in water from basal extra and intracellular fluid versus post-exercise water between men and women is not significant. The difference in distance covered in 30 minutes of submaximal jogging exercise is statistically significant in favor of men (4424 vs. 3619 meters). The correlation of BMI and the percentage of fat mass is very low (r = 0.109). The BMI between men and women did not present a statistically significant difference (26 ± 3 vs 24 ± 3 respectively). The frequency of excess body fat evaluated by AIB is 55% in women and 0% in men. The systemic blood pressure in men (PS: 107 ± 6 and PD: 73 ± 4mmHg) and in women (PS: 104 ± 8 and PD: 70 ± 7mmHg), is decreased in relation to the sea level reference. Respiratory rate is increased in both men (21 ± 2) and women (23 ± 3). CONCLUSIONS: the AIB method allows evaluating body composition and total body water and therefore fat mass, which was validated at altitude by the isotopic dilution reference standard method in previous studies at altitude. The submaximal trot exercise performed has demanded more from the university students studied. It is verified that in the same time the men have traveled a greater distance than the women. It is estimated that in women the body fat mass (FGM) is increased and that the excess fat (obesity) is 55%. The difference in water at baseline and post-exercise and the LEC and LIC between men and women is not significant. The BMI underestimates the frequency of obesity in this group, mainly in women. The use of nuclear techniques has allowed the analysis of deuterium to study water, body composition, and is strongly associated with similar determinations through the use of electrical bioimpedance.
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Humans , Body Water , Water Quantity , Drinking , Altitude , Students , Universities , Exercise , Respiratory RateABSTRACT
SUMMARY Body composition assessment at the molecular level is relevant for the athletic population and its association with high performance is well recognized. The four-compartment molecular model (4C) is the reference method for fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) estimation. However, its implementation in a real context is not feasible. Coaches and athletes need practical body composition methods for body composition assessment, and the bioelectrical impedance analysis method (BIA) is usually seen as a useful alternative. The aim of this study was to test the validity of BIA (Tanita, TBF-310) to determine the FM and FFM of elite judo athletes. A total of 29 males were evaluated in a period of weight stability using the reference method (4C) and the alternative method (Tanita, TBF-310). Regarding the 4C method, total-body water was assessed by deuterium dilution, bone mineral by DXA, and body volume by air displacement plethysmography. The slops and intercepts differed from 1 (0.39 and 1.11) and 0 (4.24 and -6.41) for FM and FFM, respectively. FM from Tanita TBF-310 overestimated the 4C method by 0.2 kg although no differences were found for FFM. Tanita TBF-310 explained 21% and 72% respectively in the estimation of absolute values of FM and FFM from the 4C method. Limits of agreement were significant, varying from -6.7 kg to 7.0 kg for FM and from -8.9 kg to 7.5 kg for FFM. In conclusion, TBF-310 Tanita is not a valid alternative method for estimating body composition in highly trained judo athletes.
RESUMO A avaliação da composição corporal ao nível molecular é relevante para a população esportiva e sua associação com o alto rendimento é bem reconhecida. O modelo molecular a quatro compartimentos (4C) é o método de referência para as estimativas de massa gorda (MG) e massa livre de gordura (MLG). No entanto, sua implementação no contexto real não é viável. Técnicos e atletas precisam de métodos práticos de composição corporal para a avaliação da composição corporal e o método de análise de impedância bioelétrica (BIA) é geralmente visto como uma alternativa útil. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a validade da BIA (Tanita, TBF-310) na determinação de MG e MLG em atletas de elite de judô. Um total de 29 atletas masculinos foi avaliado em um período de estabilidade de peso usando o método de referência (4C) e o método alternativo (Tanita, TBF-310). Em relação ao método a 4C, a água corporal total foi avaliada pela diluição de deutério, mineral ósseo por DXA e volume corporal por pletismografia por deslocamento de ar. Os declives e interceções diferiram de 1 (0,39 e 1,11) e 0 (4,24 e -6,41) para MG e MLG, respectivamente. A MG da Tanita TBF-310 superestimou o método 4C em 0,2 kg, embora não tenham sido encontradas diferenças para MLG. A Tanita TBF-310 explicou 21% e 72%, respectivamente, na estimativa dos valores absolutos de MG e MLG do método a 4C. Os limites de concordância foram grandes, variando de -6,7 kg a 7,0 kg para MG e de -8,9 kg a 7,5 kg para MLG. Em conclusão, a TBF-310 Tanita não é um método alternativo válido para estimar a composição corporal em judocas altamente treinados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Plethysmography/instrumentation , Body Composition , Models, Molecular , Martial Arts/physiology , Athletes , Reproducibility of Results , Electric ImpedanceABSTRACT
Background: Research has shown that body composition is directly related to health. Altered body composition, can greatly increase the risks of conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis fosters early detection of an improper balance in the body composition, which allows for earlier intervention and prevention.Methods: This was a cross sectional analysis of body composition for adults who volunteered to be screened during a Nutrition week in Kiambu County, Kenya. A total of 301 adults were included in the assessment. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body composition (body fat %, bone mass, muscle mass, visceral fat and water %) were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.Results: The age of the participants ranged from 18-99 years (mean 42.19±16.57 years). Most of the participants were males (53.5%). More than half (53.2%) of the participants had a poor BMI, 37.2% had high total body fat percentage, 12.6% had excess levels of visceral fat and 26.6% had poor water hydration status. Age (OR=0.095; p value <0.001; CI 0.033-0272) and visceral fat (r=0.74; p value <0.001) were significantly associated with the BMI. Females had a significantly higher BMI (P <0.001). Visceral fat was also positively correlated with age: r=0.74; P value <0.001.Conclusions: Sex, age and BMI were important determinants of body composition. Increased physical activity, appropriate dietary practices are crucial in maintaining a healthy BMI and body composition. For timely intervention regular nutrition screening should be promoted among different populations.
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PREGUNTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN: ¿Cuál será la composición corporal relacionada al índice de masa corporal en sujetos adultos residentes permanentes de gran altitud, La Paz, Bolivia, gestiones 2017 y 2018? OBJETIVO: Determinar la composición corporal y el índice de masa corporal en sujetos adultos residentes permanentes de gran altitud, La Paz, Bolivia, gestiones 2017 y 2018. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Fue un estudio descriptivo transversal, en 109 universitarios. Fue realizado en una zona urbana de la ciudad de La Paz, a 3600 metros de altitud. Se realizaron, un examen clínico médico; medidas de peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/talla2 ); y la determinación de la composición corporal a través del método de Análisis de Impedancia Bioeléctrica (AIB). RESULTADOS: Se encontró por IMC >30 (valor de índice de masa corporal que define obesidad), que la frecuencia de obesidad, en mujeres era de 9.7% y en varones del 8.5%. Por AIB, que definió la composición corporal, se encontró exceso de masa grasa en una frecuencia de 70.9% en mujeres y en varones del 18.1% Acorde a valores de referencias del IMC obtenidos en poblaciones de nivel del mar, con el punto de corte mayor a 30 se definió obesidad. En relación al uso del AIB, se definió el punto de corte de exceso de grasa al valor > a 30% en las mujeres y en los varones > a 25%, acorde a valores de referencias obtenidos en poblaciones de nivel del mar. La presión arterial sistólica en varones fue 107 ± 10 y la diastólica de 73 ± 10; la sistólica en mujeres fue 100 ± 11y la diastólica de 68 ± 8 mmHg. CONCLUSIONES: Los universitarios residentes de gran altitud presentaron valores elevados de masa grasa corporal principalmente en las mujeres universitarias, evaluadas a través del método de AIB, reconocido como un estándar de referencia a nivel internacional, Al comparar la identificación de la frecuencia de obesidad mediante el IMC se mostró valores muy bajos de alrededor del 9% frente a la identificación de exceso de grasa a través del AIB que supera en las mujeres hasta 7 veces más la frecuencia de obesidad en universitarias residentes permanentes de gran altitud. La presión arterial sistémica presentó valores promedios más bajos que los establecidos a nivel del mar. La prevención primaria de los factores de riesgo, frente a la enfermedad cardiovascular, debe ser uno de los principales propósitos, de alta prioridad, de las estrategias de salud en nuestro contexto de altitud.
RESEARCH QUESTION: What will be the body composition related to the body mass index in permanent resident adult subjects of high altitude, La Paz, Bolivia, steps 2017 and 2018? OBJECTIVE: To determine the body composition and body mass index in adult subjects permanent residents of high altitude, La Paz, Bolivia, 2017 and 2018 procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study in 109 university students. It was carried out in an urban area of the city of La Paz, at 3600 meters of altitude. A medical clinical examination was performed; measures weight, height, body mass index (BMI) (kg/height2); and the determination of body composition through the Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. RESULTS: It was found by BMI> 30 (body mass index value that defines obesity), that the frequency of obesity in women was 9.7% and in men 8.5%. By BIA, which defined body composition, excess fat mass was found at a frequency of 70.9% in women and in men 18.1% According to BMI reference values obtained in sea level populations, with the cut-off point greater than 30 obesity was defined. In relation to the use of the BIA, the cut-off point of excess fat was defined at a value> 30% in women and in men> 25%, according to reference values obtained in populations at sea level. The systolic blood pressure in men was 107 ± 10 and the diastolic blood pressure was 73 ± 10; the systolic in women was 100 ± 11 and the diastolic of 68 ± 8 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS: High-altitude resident university students presented high levels of body fat mass mainly in university women, evaluated through the BIA method, recognized as an international standard of reference, when comparing the identification of the obesity frequency through the BMI, very low values of around 9% were shown compared to the identification of excess fat through the BIA that exceeds in women up to 7 times the frequency of permanent resident university obesity of high altitude. Systemic blood pressure showed lower average values than those established at sea level. The primary prevention of risk factors, against cardiovascular disease, must be one of the main, high priority, purposes of health strategies in our context of altitude.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Physiology , Body Composition , Cardiovascular Diseases , Sea Level , Altitude , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects the digestive tract, and the prevalence of malnutrition is high. Recently, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been frequently used clinically for nutritional assessment. Aims: To study the nutritional status of hospitalized IBD patients through BIA combined with serological indicators. Methods: Data from hospitalized IBD patients who underwent BIA test at Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University between Jan. and Dec. 2015 were collected retrospectively. In the 198 patients enrolled, 129 were Crohn's disease (CD) and 69 were ulcerative colitis (UC). Serological results, as well as BIA results and related indices were compared between CD and UC patients. Results: The serum vitamin B12 level, body weight and body fat mass were significantly lower in patients with CD than in those with UC (P0.05). Differences in BMI and BCMI between active CD and CD in remission were insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusions: Among the hospitalized IBD patients, males with CD have worse nutritional status than males with UC. Except for serum vitamin B12, there is no significant difference in nutritional status between female CD and female UC patients. BIA related indices are effective tool for assessment of nutritional status, which may be used as a complement to BMI.
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Objective To analyze the changes of bone strength and body composition in pre- and postmenopausal Dongxiang women and explore the impact of body composition change on bone strength. Methods From Sep. 2016 to Jul. 2018, 203 cases Dongxiang 41-50 year old women (102 cases of premenopause and 101 cases of postmenopause) of Gansu Province were selected by stratified random sampling method, whose bone strength and body composition indexes were measured by ultrasonic bone mineral density meter and body composition analyzer respectively. Results There were lower bone strength and muscle tissue composition in the postmenopausal Dongxiang women (P< 0.05), and there was higher fat tissue composition (P < 0.01). The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in postmenopausal women (P < 0. 01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that muscle tissue composition was positively correlated with the bone strength (P<0. 01), and it was negatively correlated with fat tissue composition in the pre- and postmenopausal Dongxiang women (P < 0. 0 1). Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that limb muscle mass and subcutaneous fat mass were a protective factor and a risk factor for bone strength in pre- and post-menopausal Dongxiang women, respectively. Conclusion The bone strength of Dongxiang women was determined by muscle and fat tissue, and associated with the distribution of body composition. The relationship between bone strength and body composition was not affected by menopause. Menopause was an important factor that increased the incidence of osteoporosis in Dongxiang women, and we should reinforce osteoporosis prevention in postmenopausal Dongxiang women. Strengthen physical exercise, increase limb muscle mass and reduce subcutaneous fat could contribute to increase bone strength and prevent osteoporosis in in the pre- and post-menopausal Dongxiang women.
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Objective@#To describe the regional and population-related differences in skeletal muscle mass and handgrip strength across the 10 regions of China.@*Methods@#24 533 participants aged 38-88 years from the second resurvey of China Kadoorie Biobank were included in our analyses. Appendicular and trunk skeletal muscle mass were assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (TANITA). Handgrip strength was measured using Jamar hand-held dynamometer. Low muscle mass and low muscle strength were defined as the lowest quintile of height-adjusted appendicular muscle mass or handgrip strength according to the Consensus Report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. We analyzed the mean value of absolute muscle mass, height-adjusted muscle mass, weight-adjusted muscle mass and handgrip strength. We also reported the prevalence of low muscle mass and low muscle strength.@*Results@#The average appendicular and total skeletal muscle mass were (22.0±0.02) kg and (49.7±0.05) kg in men, which were higher than in women [(15.9±0.02) kg and (37.2±0.04) kg, respectively]. The handgrip strength was (32.6±0.06) kg in men, which was higher than (19.9±0.05) kg in women. The absolute muscle mass was higher in north area and urban region (P<0.001). The weight-adjusted muscle mass showed reverse patterns of regional difference compared with height-adjusted muscle mass. Both muscle mass and handgrip strength decreased by age (trend P<0.001), with a larger decline observed in handgrip strength. According to AWGS criteria, the proportions of low muscle mass and strength increased by age. Among participants over 80 years old, the prevalence of low muscle mass and strength were 56.2% and 74.5% in men, and 35.7% and 66.0% in women.@*Conclusions@#Levels of skeletal muscle mass and strength varied greatly among people from 10 regions and among participants with different demographic characteristics. The prevalence of low muscle mass and strength was extremely high in elderly.
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BACKGROUND: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can be used to estimate body composition. To achieve the best results, the manufacturer's guidelines advise that individuals should restrict intake of food or caffeine, avoid vigorous exercise for 4 hours, and drink 2–4 glasses of water 2 hours before testing. We evaluated the appropriacy of drinking 2–4 glasses of water 2 hours before the BIA, as the validity of this indication has not been specifically demonstrated, by comparing intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), total body water (TBW) in the fasting state, and after 1 and 2 hours of ingesting 500 mL of water.METHODS: Twenty-nine healthy adult men (n=10) and women (n=19) were recruited for the study. In the fasting state, the InBody 720 analyzer was used as multi-frequency (MF)-BIA and the output was recorded to determine the exact weight. Subsequently, Medinex BIA 450 analyzer was used as single-frequency (SF)-BIA, and the output was recorded. After drinking 500 mL of water 1 or 2 hours before assessment, the BIA tests were repeated as indicated above, and the ICW, ECW, TBW were compared by repeated measures ANOVA.RESULTS: SF-BIA measurements showed that compared to fasting state, the ICW decreased by approximately 0.56 L after 1 hour of drinking (P=0.001). The ECW was increased by about 0.62 L, 1 hour after drinking water compared to the fasting state (P=0.002). There were no significant differences between the results of BIA testing at 1 and 2 hours of fluid intake. The MF-BIA measurements indicated that testing after fasting, or 1 or 2 hours after fluid intake, did not result in significantly different ICW and ECW values. TBW showed no significant differences in the fasting state, or after 1 or 2 hours of fluid intake for both SF and MF.CONCLUSION: Several studies have shown that bioelectrical impedance should be measured in the fasting state. But not the food intake, drinking 500 mL of water may be permitted when measuring MF-BIA. However, for SF-BIA measurements, fluid intake resulted in an increase in the ECW level and a decrease in ICW.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Body Composition , Body Water , Caffeine , Drinking , Drinking Water , Eating , Electric Impedance , Eyeglasses , Fasting , Glass , WaterABSTRACT
The maternal components are constantly changing with gestational weight gains during pregnancy. Body composition analysis is a method for evaluating the maternal body composition accurately during pregnancy, models of which consist of fat mass, extracellular water, intracellular water, inorganic salts and protein basically. Among various methods to execute body composition analysis, bioelectrical impedance analysis is an important method for pregnant women. Many studies have reported about clinical applications based on correlations between maternal individual components and gestational diseases. This article reviews the researches on clinical applications of body composition analysis to pregnant women.
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Objectives@#To compare mean basal metabolic rate (BMR) estimated using Harris-Benedict equation (HB) and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and the BMR measured using Indirect Calorimetry (IC) among adult obese Filipino patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).@*Methodology@#This was a multi-center, cross-sectional study based on review of outpatient medical records of adult, obese Filipino patients with pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus who were seen prior to weight loss intervention at the Outpatient Clinic of St. Luke’s Medical Center-Quezon City and the Metabolic and Diabetes Center of Providence Hospital from August 2017 to January 2018. BMR was derived using three methods: Harris-Benedict equation, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Indirect Calorimetry.@*Results@#A total of 153 subjects were included in the study. Eighty subjects (52%) have pre-diabetes while 73 subjects (48%) were diagnosed with T2DM. The mean BMR measured using IC is 1299±252 kcal/day while estimated mean BMR predicted using HB equation and BIA were 1628±251 kcal/day and 1635±260 kcal/day, respectively. Compared to measurement by IC, HBE and BIA significantly overestimated the mean BMR by 329 and 336 kcal/day, respectively (p-value=<0.0001). IC measured BMR showed strong positive correlation with weight and moderate positive correlation with height. Multiple stepwise regression analysis yielded the BMR prediction equation: BMR (kcal/day) = -780.806 + (11.108 x weight in kg) + (7.164 x height in cm).@*Conclusion@#Among obese Filipinos with T2DM or prediabetes, HB equation and BIA tend to overestimate the BMR measured using IC.
Subject(s)
Basal Metabolism , Calorimetry, IndirectABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the association of fat content with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods: Eligible PD patients in Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from November 2016 to June 2017 were recruited. Demographic data of patients were collected and biochemical indicators were measured. Fat content was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and LVH was accessed using echocardiography. The prevalence of LVH in PD patients was compared between groups with different fat contents. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associated risk factors of LVH. Results: A total of 163 PD patients with a mean age of 55.85±13.20 years and a median PD duration of 46.0 (20.0, 73.0) months were enrolled. Of them, 98 patients (60.1%) were male, 34 patients (20.9%) had diabetes mellitus, 19 patients (11.7%) combined with cardiovascular disease and 122 patients (74.8%) were hypertensive. There were 51 patients (31.3%) with LVH, including 31 patients (37.8%) in high fat tissue index (FTI) group (n=82) and 20 patients (24.7%) in low FTI group (n=81). Logistic regression analysis indicated that FTI (OR=1.133, 95% CI 1.003-1.280, P=0.044), overhydration (OR=1.651, 95% CI 1.257-2.169, P=0.000) and hemoglobin (OR=0.972, 95% CI 0.948-0.997, P=0.028) were independently associated with LVH in PD patients. Conclusion: LVH is common in PD patients, especially in high fat content patients. Higher fat content, higher overhydration and lower levels of hemoglobin are risk factors for LVH in PD patients.
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Objective·To explore the association of fat content with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Methods · Eligible PD patients in Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from November 2016 to June 2017 were recruited.Demographic data of patients were collected and biochemical indicators were measured.Fat content was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis,and LVH was accessed using echocardiography.The prevalence of LVH in PD patients was compared between groups with different fat contents.Logistic regression was used to analyze the associated risk factors of LVH.Results · A total of 163 PD patients with a mean age of 55.85±13.20 years and a median PD duration of 46.0 (20.0,73.0) months were enrolled.Of them,98 patients (60.1％) were male,34 patients (20.9％) had diabetes mellitus,19 patients (11.7％) combined with cardiovascular disease and 122 patients (74.8％) were hypertensive.There were 51 patients (31.3％) with LVH,including 31 patients (37.8％) in high fat tissue index (FTI) group (n=82) and 20 patients (24.7％) in low FTI group (n=81).Logistic regression analysis indicated that FTI (OR=1.133,95％ CI 1.003-1.280,P=0.044),overhydration (OR=1.651,95％ CI 1.257-2.169,P=0.000) and hemoglobin (OR=0.972,95％ CI 0.948-0.997,P=0.028) were independently associated with LVH in PD patients.Conclusion · LVH is common in PD patients,especially in high fat content patients.Higher fat content,higher overhydration and lower levels of hemoglobin are risk factors for LVH in PD patients.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of preoperative sarcopenia on postoperative clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: A prospective study was performed in 93 patients with gastric cancer and the skeletal muscle mass was examined by bioelectrical impedance. The primary outcome was postoperative complications. The secondary outcomes were postoperative length of stay, overall hospital costs, 60 days re-admission and mortality rate. Results: A significant difference (sarcopenia group vs. non-sarcopenia group) was observed in the rates of overall postoperative complications, incidence of pleural effusion and intra-abdominal infection, overall hospital stay and postoperative hospital stay (P ＜ 0. 05). The rates of 60 days readmission, 60 days mortality and hospital costs in sarcopenia group were not different between the two groups (P ＞ 0. 05). By univariate and multivariate analysis, preoperative sarcopenia and preoperative nutritional risk are the risk factors of postoperative complications. Conclusion: Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications in patients with gastric cancer; preoperative patients with sarcopenia have a worse prognosis and should be screened and optimized before surgery.
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Objective To understand the overweight rate and obesity rate in middle-aged and elderly people in urban area of Beijing,and analyze the changes of body composition and resting metabolic rate with age.Methods From November 2014 to December 2015,body composition measurement and resting metabolic rate detection were conducted among 858 people aged 51 to 99 years,including 760 men,98 women,who received physical examination at Beijing Hospital.Results The overweight rate was 51.4％,and the obesity rate was 16.9％.The overweight rate was 26.5％ and the obesity rate was 14.3％ in women,significantly lower than those in men (54.6％ and 17.2％) (P＜0.001).The distribution of skeletal muscle volume,muscle index,body fat percentage,visceral fat area and resting metabolic rate in different age groups were different (P＜0.001).In the normal weight group,the skeletal muscle volume,muscle index and resting metabolic rate in age group ≥80 years decreased obviously (P＜0.05).At the same time,the body fat percentage and visceral fat area increased obviously (P＜0.05).However,the skeletal muscle volume,muscle index and resting metabolic rate of the overweight and obese groups began to decrease obviously in age group 70-years (P＜0.05),and the decrease in age group ≥80 years was more obvious.At the same time,body fat percentage and visceral fat area increased significantly in age group 70-years (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The overweight and obesity rates were high in the middle-aged and elderly people in the urban area of Beijing,and the rates were higher in men than in women.With the increase of age,the skeletal muscle volume,muscle index and resting metabolic rate gradually decreased,while the percentage of body fat and visceral fat area increased;Overweight and obese people had earlier changes in body composition and resting metabolic rate.
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Objective To understand the overweight rate and obesity rate in middle-aged and elderly people in urban area of Beijing,and analyze the changes of body composition and resting metabolic rate with age.Methods From November 2014 to December 2015,body composition measurement and resting metabolic rate detection were conducted among 858 people aged 51 to 99 years,including 760 men,98 women,who received physical examination at Beijing Hospital.Results The overweight rate was 51.4％,and the obesity rate was 16.9％.The overweight rate was 26.5％ and the obesity rate was 14.3％ in women,significantly lower than those in men (54.6％ and 17.2％) (P＜0.001).The distribution of skeletal muscle volume,muscle index,body fat percentage,visceral fat area and resting metabolic rate in different age groups were different (P＜0.001).In the normal weight group,the skeletal muscle volume,muscle index and resting metabolic rate in age group ≥80 years decreased obviously (P＜0.05).At the same time,the body fat percentage and visceral fat area increased obviously (P＜0.05).However,the skeletal muscle volume,muscle index and resting metabolic rate of the overweight and obese groups began to decrease obviously in age group 70-years (P＜0.05),and the decrease in age group ≥80 years was more obvious.At the same time,body fat percentage and visceral fat area increased significantly in age group 70-years (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The overweight and obesity rates were high in the middle-aged and elderly people in the urban area of Beijing,and the rates were higher in men than in women.With the increase of age,the skeletal muscle volume,muscle index and resting metabolic rate gradually decreased,while the percentage of body fat and visceral fat area increased;Overweight and obese people had earlier changes in body composition and resting metabolic rate.
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OBJECTIVE: Body composition is measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and correlation between the result of BIA and cognitive function is analyzed. METHODS: A total of 118 elderly (46 male, 72 female) were recruited. They were divided into three groups; normal (n=33), mild cognitive impairment (n=42), and Alzheimer's dementia (n=43) according to the diagnostic criteria. Skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, and fat-free mass were measured using a BIA device, and were converted to the ratio of body weight. All participants underwent Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K). RESULTS: In pearson correlation analysis, skeletal muscle percentage (SMP) and fat-free mass percentage (FFMP) were positively correlated with MMSE-K score (r=0.309, p=0.001; r=0.245, p=0.008), and body fat percentage was negatively correlated (r=−0.258, p=0.005). In multiple regression analysis, SMP (β=2.012, t=4.457, p < 0.001) and FFMP (β=−1.733, t=−3.838, p < 0.001) were selected as the best predictors of changes in MMSE-K score (R2=0.198). CONCLUSION: Reduced skeletal muscle and increased body fat correlate with decreased cognitive function, suggesting the need for prevention of frailty and early diagnosis of cognitive impairment.